chptr 4 answers

3.
a.
3Li - group 1A - 1 valence electron

b.
10Ne - group 8A - 8 valence electrons

c.
20Ca - group 2A - 2 valence electrons

d.
53I - group 7A - 7 valence electrons

7.

15.
a.
P3-
15 protons
18 electrons

b.
N3-
15 protons
18 electrons

c.
Mg2+
12 protons
10 electrons

d.
Li+
3 protons
2electrons

17.
a.
positive

b.
negative

c.
positive

d.
negative

21.
a.
Ne

b.
Ar

c.
Ne

d.
Ne

27.


29.
a.
Ba2+ : (1 ions) x (charge of +2) = +2
2(Cl-): (2 ions) x (charge of -1) = -2
net charge=0

b.
Ba2+ : (1 ions) x (charge of +2) = +2
2(Br-);(2 ions) x (charge of -1) = -2
net charge=0

c.
3(Ba2+) :(3 ions) x (charge of +2) = +6
2(N3-):(2 ions) x (charge of -3) = -6
net charge=0

d.
Ba2+ : (1 ions) x (charge of +2) = +2
O2- :(1 ions) x (charge of -2) = -2
net charge=0


31.
a.
2(F-): (2 ions) x (charge of -1) = -2
Mg2+:(1 ions) x (charge of +2) = +2

b.
2(F-): (2 ions) x (charge of -1) = -2
Be2+:(1 ions) x (charge of +2) = +2

c.
F-: (1 ions) x (charge of -1) = -1
Li+:(1 ions) x (charge of +1) = +1

d.
3(F-):(3 ions) x (charge of -1) = -3
Al3+:(1 ions) x (charge of +3) = +3

33.
a.
2(Na+):(2 ions) x (charge of +1) = +2
S2-:(1 ions) x (charge of -2) = -2

b.
Ca2+:(1 ions) x (charge of +2) = +2
2(I-):(2 ions) x (charge of -1) = -2

c.
3(Li+):(3 ions) x (charge of +1) = +3
N3-:(1 ions) x (charge of -3) = -3

d.
Al3+:(1 ions) x (charge of +3) = +3
3(Br-):(3 ions) x (charge of -1) = -3

35. a, b

37. a, c

43.
iron(iii) oxide
gold(iii) oxide
copper(ii) sulfide
cobalt(ii) bromide

49.
CoS
Co2S3
TiI4

51.
SO4(2-)
ClO(3-)
OH(-)
???

53.
PO4(3-) HPO4(2-)
NO(3-) NO(2-)
H3O(+) OH(-)
CrO4(2-) Cr2O7(2-)

55.
NaClO4
Fe 3(OH)
Ba 2(NO3)
2Al 3(CO3)

61.
4KC
2Au 3S
AgN
2CuP


3) This is because Carbon is the most abundant element that can give or take electrons, making it the most versatile.

4)A lone pair is a (valence) electron pair without bonding or sharing with other atoms. They are found in the outermost electron shell of an atom, so lone pairs are a subset of a molecule's valence electrons. I don't know how to answer the rest

5) It is favorable because it requires 3 bonds, so the most obvious solution would be to bond with its brothers.

6)coordinate covalent bond (formerly also known as dative bond, now obsolete) is a description of covalent bonding between two atoms in which both electrons shared in the bond come from the same atom.

the thing with this form of bonding is that its artificial, it doesn't need the other element.

i.e. NH4

7) this makes the bonds equidistant making the bond stronger

8)
Camphoric
Musky
Roses
Pepperminty
Etheral
Pungent
Putrid

9) electronegativity is the thing that helps pull elements together, florine being the one with the strongest pull

10) wikipedia says:Examples of household polar molecules include sugar (sucrose). Polar molecules are generally able to dissolve in water (H2O) due to the polar nature of water. therefor water is polar. Otherwise I don't know how to tell

11) i'm confused mel, how does this relate to the chapter, none of this is on there!

bonus(link doesn't work)